This site takes the user through the steps and decisions necessary when designing a survey. Pros and cons for each method are outlined and other issues in survey design are presented.
Use the Sample Size Calculator to determine the sample size you need in order to get results that reflect the target population as precisely as needed. You can also find the level of precision you have in an existing sample. The site also describes terms you need to know to understand confidence intervals and what they mean.
This resource defines and explains standard deviation and the normal distribution.