Significance Testing Principles

  • Dr. Kuan-Man Xu from the NASA Langley Reserach Center writes, "A new method is proposed to compare statistical differences between summary histograms, which are the histograms summed over a large ensemble of individual histograms. It consists of choosing a distance statistic for measuring the difference between summary histograms and using a bootstrap procedure to calculate the statistical significance level. Bootstrapping is an approach to statistical inference that makes few assumptions about the underlying probability distribution that describes the data. Three distance statistics are compared in this study. They are the Euclidean distance, the Jeffries-Matusita distance and the Kuiper distance. "

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  • This presentation was given by Aneta Siemiginowska at the 4th International X-ray Astronomy School (2005), held at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics in Cambridge, MA. 

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  • Free statistical calculators online.  Our basic statistical calculators will help you in common tasks you might encounter and deal mostly with simple distributions. 

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  • This presentation is a part of a series of lessons on the Analysis of Categorical Data. This lecture covers the following: iterative solutions to non-linear equations, score equations for exponential class variables, Newton-Raphson vs. Fisher’s Scoring, Logistic Regression for an R × 2 tables, saturated model, odds ratios when rows are not ordinal, goodness of fit, likelihood ratio statistic for nested models, and residuals.

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  • This presentation is a part of a series of lessons on the Analysis of Categorical Data. This lecture covers the following: linear association, correlation coefficient, ridits/modified ridits, nonparametric methods, Cochran-Armitage Trend test, 

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  • This presentation is a part of a series of lessons on the Analysis of Categorical Data. This lecture covers the following: multinomial distribution, LaGrange multipliers, Exact Multinomial Test (EMT), the Pearson statistic, and goodness of fit.

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  • This presentation is a part of a series of lessons on the Analysis of Categorical Data. This lecture covers the following:  Wald test, score test, likelihood-ratio test, large sample confidence intervals, and the F distribution.

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  • This is a graduate level introduction to statistics including topics such as probabilty/sampling distributions, confidence intervals, hypothesis testing, ANOVA, and regression.  Perfect for students and teachers wanting to learn/acquire materials for this topic.

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  • This is a graduate level survey course that stresses the concepts of statistical design and analysis in biomedical research, with special emphasis on clinical trials. Perfect for students and teachers wanting to learn/acquire materials for this topic.

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  • This chapter explains the structure/steps of hypothesis testing, the concept of significance, the relationship between confidence intervals and hypothesis testing, and Type I/II errors.

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