Resource Library

Compared to probability calculators, the traditional format of distribution tables has the advantage of showing many values simultaneously and, thus, enables the user to examine and quickly explore ranges of probabilities. This webpage includes a list of distributions and tables, including the standard normal (Z) table, student's t table, chi-square table, and F distribution tables. An animation of the density function and distribution function is shown above each distribution table to demonstrate the effects changing degrees of freedom and significance levels have on the shape of a distribution.

Calculate the number of respondents needed in a survey using our free sample size calculator. Our calculator shows you the amount of respondents you need to get statistically significant results for a specific population. Discover how many people you need to send a survey invitation to obtain your required sample. You can also calculate the margin of error based on your sample size.

This is an online calculator that can be used to determine the recommended sample size that is needed for a specific margin of error, confidence level, and population size.

When performing a hypothesis test about the population mean, a possible reason for the failure of rejection of the null hypothesis is that there's an insufficient sample size to achieve a powerful test. Using a small data set, Minitab is used to check for normality of the data, to perform a 1-Sample t test, and to compute Power and Sample Size for 1-Sample t.

A joke to be used in teaching about the use of randomization in experiments or about the Pearson correlation coefficient. The idea for the joke came from Lawrence Mark Lesser of The University of Texas at El Paso in 2012.

A song that can be used in discussing the meaning and interpretation of Type II error in Significance Testing. The lyrics were written by Mary McLellan from Aledo High School in Aledo, Texas as one of several dozen songs created for her AP statistics course. The song may be sung to the tune of “Barbara Ann,” written by Fred Fassert in 1961 and popularized by the Beach Boys in 1965. Also, an accompanying video may be found at
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NjLiNJLhHzc

A song that can be used in discussing the meaning and interpretation of Type I error in Significance Testing. The lyrics were written by Mary McLellan from Aledo High School in Aledo, Texas as one of several dozen songs created for her AP statistics course. The song may be sung to the tune of “We Will Rock You,” written by Brian May and recorded by Queen in 1977. Also, an accompanying video may be found at
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2qfYYWZ92BY

A song to aid in discussing the interpretation of statistical significance as being unlikely to happen by chances computed under the null. The lyrics were written by Mary McLellan from Aledo High School in Aledo, Texas as one of several dozen songs created for her AP statistics course. The song may be sung to the tune of the “Star Spangled Banner.” Also, an accompanying video may be found at
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZzOxWTp0xGE

A song to be used in discussing the concept and interpretation of the power of a significance test. The lyrics were written by Mary McLellan from Aledo High School in Aledo, Texas as one of several dozen songs created for her AP statistics course. The song may be sung to the tune of the 1977 hit song “Hotel California,” by the Eagles. Also, an accompanying video may be found at
https://igenapps.com/Apps/View/Index/933086

A song to be used in discussing the idea that a low P-value indicates that the null hypothesis is a poor explanation of the data. The lyrics were written by Mary McLellan from Aledo High School in Aledo, Texas as one of several dozen songs created for her AP statistics course. The song may be sung to the tune of the 1952 song “Hound Dog,” written by Jerry Leiber and Mike Stoller and recorded by Willie Mae Thorton and later popularized by Elvis Presley. Also, an accompanying video may be found at
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ia9HYMHgqzM