Chance News 66

Quotations

"It ain’t what you don’t know that gets you into trouble. It’s what you know for sure that just ain’t so."
--Mark Twain

Quoted by Richard H. Thaler in The overconfidence problem in forecasting, New York Times, 21 August 2010.

Submitted by Paul Alper

Forsooth

The following Forsooth is from the August 23, 2010 RRS News.

 An editorial was published in the Journal

 of the National Cancer institute (Volume

 101,issue 23,2 December 2009) It

 announced some online recourses for

 journalists, including a statistics glossary,

 which gave the following definitions.

 P value

 probability that an observed effect size is

 due to chance alone

 If p > 0.05, we say ’due to chance’,’not

 statistically signifcant’

 if p < 05, we say ‘not due to chance’,

 ’statistically signifcant’

  Confidence interval (95% CI)

 Because the observed value is only an
 
 estimate of the truth, we know it has a
 
'margin of error’

 The range of plausible values around the

 Observed value that will contain the truth

 95% at the time
           

 jnci (vol. 102, issue 11, 2 June 2010)

 subsequently published a letter

 commenting on the editorial and the

 statistics glossary.The authors of the

 original editorial replied as follows.

 Dr Lash correctly points out that the

 descriptions of p values and 95%

 confidence intervals do not meet the

 formal frequents statistical definitions.

 […] We were not convinced that working

 journalists would find these definitions
 
 user-friendly, so we sacrificed precision for

 utility.

Submited by Laurie Snell

Risk reduction

Burger and a statin to go? Or hold that, please?
by Kate Kelland and Genevra Pittman, Reuters, 13 August 2010

Dr. Darrel Francis is the leader of "a study published in the American Journal of Cardiology, [in which] scientists from the National Heart and Lung Institute at Imperial College London calculated that the reduction in heart disease risk offered by a statin could offset the increase in risk from eating a cheeseburger and a milkshake."

Further, "When people engage in risky behaviors like driving or smoking, they're encouraged to take measures that minimize their risk, like wearing a seatbelt or choosing cigarettes with filters. Taking a statin is a rational way of lowering some of the risks of eating a fatty meal."

Discussion

1. Obviously, the above comments and analogies are subject for debate. Defend and criticize the comparisons made.

2. Risk analysis is very much in the domain of statistics. How would you estimate the risk of driving, smoking, eating a cheeseburger or taking a statin? Read the article in the American Journal of Cardiology to see how Francis and his co-authors estimated risk.

3. Pascal’s Wager is famous in religion, philosophy and statistics; his wager is the ultimate in risk analysis.

Historically, Pascal's Wager was groundbreaking as it had charted new territory in probability theory, was one of the first attempts to make use of the concept of infinity, [and] marked the first formal use of decision theory.

The wager is renowned for discussing the risk of not believing in God, presumably the Christian concept of God.

[A] person should wager as though God exists, because living life accordingly has everything to gain, and nothing to lose.

Read the Wikipedia article and discuss the risk tables put forth.

Submitted by Paul Alper

Teaching with infographics

Teaching with infographics: Places to start
by Katherine Schulten, New York Times, The Learning Network blog, 23 August 2010

Each day of this week, the blog will present commentary on some aspect of infographics. Starting with discussion of what infographics are, the series proceeds through applications ranging from sciences and social sciences to the fine arts. Each category will feature examples that have appeared in the Times. The link above for the first day contains an index to the whole series. There is a wealth of material to browse here.

Submitted by Bill Peterson

Subverting the Data Safety Monitoring Board to meet commercial needs

Don't Mess with the DSMB Jeffrey M. Drazen and Alastair J.J. Wood. N Engl J Med 2010; 363:477-478,July 29, 2010.